As Vermont navigates its political landscape, the economic outlook of the Green Mountain State faces significant uncertainty. The combination of a supermajority legislature that prioritizes taxation and spending, alongside potential shifts in federal policy under a Kamala Harris or Donald Trump presidency, sets the stage for a range of possible outcomes—both positive and negative. This article explores how different scenarios could unfold, depending on the alignment between federal policies and Vermont’s local political environment.
The Impact of Vermont’s Supermajority
Since the implementation of Act 250 in 1970, Vermont’s regulatory environment has been a double-edged sword. Designed to preserve Vermont’s natural beauty through strict land-use controls, Act 250 has also been a challenge for industries looking to expand or operate within the state. The state’s economy, once reliant on manufacturing and industry, has shifted toward a service-based economy focused on tourism and small businesses. However, as the state legislature continues to increase taxes and fees, this economic model has been under strain.
Today, the Vermont supermajority’s focus on raising taxes to fund social and environmental programs has led to concerns about driving businesses and high-income individuals out of the state. As Vermont’s cost of living rises and its tax environment becomes increasingly burdensome, the state’s ability to attract and retain talent, businesses, and investment has come into question. This mirrors the decline Vermont experienced in the late 20th century, when industries left the state, resulting in economic stagnation.
Federal Tax Policies Under a Potential Harris Administration
Kamala Harris has proposed policies that would raise taxes on corporations and high-income earners to fund social programs, child tax credits, and environmental initiatives. “I will fight to give money back to working- and middle-class Americans,” she said during her campaign, positioning herself as an advocate for income redistribution (POLITICO). However, these tax increases could have wider economic implications.
According to analyses by the Tax Foundation, Harris’s tax policies could reduce long-term GDP by as much as 2%, leading to potential job losses and wage stagnation (PolitiFact)(Tax Foundation). The policies aim to shift the tax burden onto the wealthiest Americans, but some economists warn this could stifle investment and business growth, particularly if taxes on capital gains and corporate income are raised significantly. If Harris’s federal policies are implemented while Vermont’s supermajority continues to raise state-level taxes, the combined effect could result in an increasingly difficult economic environment for businesses and individuals in Vermont.
A Trump Presidency: Streamlined Regulations and Missed Opportunities
If Donald Trump wins the presidency, his administration is expected to continue streamlining and refining regulations to reduce bureaucratic red tape and accelerate business activity. Trump’s focus has historically been on simplifying regulations—especially in sectors like energy and manufacturing—to make it easier for businesses to operate without extensive government oversight(PolitiFact)(POLITICO). While his approach doesn’t involve the complete removal of regulations, it involves making them more efficient and business-friendly, which could spur economic growth at the national level.
However, Vermont’s supermajority may prevent the state from fully benefiting from federal policies designed to promote business growth. Here’s how:
How Vermont Could Miss Out
- Mismatch Between Federal and State Policies: While Trump’s streamlined regulations and federal tax cuts could reduce the financial burden on businesses nationwide, Vermont’s rising state taxes and fees could absorb any benefits that would otherwise be felt by local businesses. In other states, businesses may take advantage of lower federal taxes to expand or hire more workers, but Vermont’s regulatory climate could continue to stifle such growth.
- Regulatory Disparities: Trump’s refined regulatory framework would make it easier for industries like energy and manufacturing to expand. However, Vermont’s commitment to stringent environmental standards may discourage those industries from investing in the state. As a result, Vermont could miss out on opportunities for business expansion that other states might capitalize on under Trump’s streamlined regulatory approach (Kiplinger.com).
- Limited Growth Despite Federal Cuts: Trump’s potential extension of the Trump-era tax cuts, especially for corporations, could foster business growth across the country. However, if Vermont continues increasing its own taxes and fees, the state may find itself unattractive to businesses that are looking to expand. Even with federal tax relief, Vermont could see companies relocating to states with more favorable tax environments.
A Trump Presidency and a Balanced Vermont Legislature: A Path Forward?
If Vermont’s supermajority were replaced by a more balanced political landscape, the state could be in a better position to capitalize on the economic opportunities presented by a Trump presidency. A more moderate legislature could prioritize reducing Vermont’s tax burden and scaling back regulatory challenges, creating a more business-friendly environment. In this scenario, Vermont could potentially reverse its economic decline and seize new opportunities for growth.
- Economic Growth Through Alignment: A more balanced Vermont legislature might work in harmony with Trump’s streamlined regulatory policies to attract new businesses and encourage expansion in sectors like energy and manufacturing. This could provide a boost to Vermont’s economy, creating jobs and increasing state revenue.
- Job Creation and Population Retention: By lowering taxes and fostering a more welcoming business environment, Vermont could begin to reverse its population decline, retaining younger residents and attracting new workers. A healthier job market and more affordable cost of living could create long-term stability for the state.
- Revitalizing Key Industries: A balanced state government might be able to negotiate the tension between Vermont’s environmental values and the need for economic growth. By selectively adopting elements of Trump’s streamlined regulatory approach, Vermont could find ways to encourage green energy innovation while allowing for business-friendly policies that support growth in other industries.
Conclusion
Vermont’s future depends heavily on how the state’s legislature aligns with federal policies in the coming years. Under a Harris presidency, the state’s rising taxes and stringent regulations could be compounded by federal tax increases, putting Vermont at a significant economic disadvantage. On the other hand, under a Trump presidency, the state’s ability to benefit from streamlined federal regulations and tax cuts could be undermined by Vermont’s own high taxes and regulatory barriers.
Ultimately, Vermont’s success will depend on whether the state’s political leaders can adapt to changing economic conditions and strike a balance between social priorities and the need for economic growth. Without a shift in priorities, Vermont risks continuing on a path of economic stagnation, even as the rest of the country benefits from federal policies designed to spur growth.
Dave Soulia | FYIVT
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